Anuradhapura: Sri Lanka's Sacred Ancient Capital

The First Kingdom

Anuradhapura, one of the ancient capitals of Sri Lanka, flourished for over 1,300 years from the 4th century BC. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is home to some of the most impressive archaeological ruins in South Asia and remains one of the most sacred cities for Buddhists worldwide.

The Sacred Bodhi Tree

At the heart of Anuradhapura stands the Sri Maha Bodhi, a fig tree grown from a cutting of the original Bodhi tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment. Planted in 288 BC, it is the oldest historically authenticated tree in the world and a major pilgrimage site for Buddhists.

The Great Stupas

The city is renowned for its massive dagobas (stupas), with the most famous being Ruwanwelisaya, Jetavanaramaya, and Abhayagiri. Jetavanaramaya, at 122 meters, was once the third tallest structure in the ancient world. These white-domed monuments are architectural marvels that have stood for over two millennia.

Ancient Engineering

The sophisticated irrigation system of Anuradhapura showcases the advanced engineering skills of ancient Sri Lankans. The city features numerous ancient reservoirs (tanks) including Tissa Wewa and Basawakkulama Tank, built to support agriculture and provide water to the city's population.

Moonstone and Guard Stones

The architectural details of Anuradhapura are remarkable. Intricately carved moonstones at the foot of staircases and elaborately decorated guard stones (muragala) at entrances showcase the high level of artistic achievement. The Twin Ponds (Kuttam Pokuna) demonstrate sophisticated hydraulic technology.

The Samadhi Buddha Statue

Among the many sculptures, the Samadhi Buddha statue stands out for its serene expression and perfect proportions. This 4th-century statue depicting Buddha in deep meditation has become an iconic symbol of Sri Lankan Buddhist art.

Visiting the Sacred City

The site is extensive, covering over 40 square kilometers. Bicycle rentals are available and recommended for exploring. Visitors should dress modestly (covering shoulders and knees) and remove shoes before entering sacred areas. The best time to visit is early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat.